• Major killer of under 5 children, even though the toll has reduced considerably
– 10% of under-5 deaths in India
– Reduction of mortality mainly due to rehydration tech including ORS
• Under 5 children are estimated to have 3 episodes per year
– Incidence hasn’t changed much but mortality is reduced considerably
– Loss of considerable number of DALYs
• Leading cause of death during disasters and emergencies
As on 23rd March 2020
When to use a mask
• If you are healthy, you only need to wear a mask if you are taking care of a person with suspected 2019-nCoV infection.
• Wear a mask if you are coughing or sneezing.
• Masks are effective only when used in combination with frequent hand-cleaning with alcohol-based hand rub or soap and water.
• If you wear a mask, then you must know how to use it and dispose of it properly.
As on 22nd March 22, 2020
COVID-19 virus can be transmitted in areas with hot and humid climates
Mission Indradhanush 
The percentage of children, who are fully immunized (FIC), was found to be only 65% in 2013-14. This was despite the Universal Immunization Program (UIP) running since 1985 and Expanded Program on immunization (EPI) since 1978.
Mission Indradhanush was launched in December 2014 to:
• Actively achieve full immunization of 90 percent by 2020 and
• Simultaneously to boost the Routine Immunization (RI) infrastructure in the country
A student is often tempted to quickly move on to examination after listening to the presenting complaints.
Clinical history taking should not be taken lightly.
A logically taken history will give rise to a list of probable diagnoses in your mind by identifying patterns of symptoms even before you proceed on to the examination.
Systematically taken history will guide you to:
• Look especially for signs for confirming or ruling out certain disorders upon physical examination and
Rat control measures:
1. Sanitation
2. Trapping: Bait is used. Causes temporary reduction in numbers.
Captured rats must be killed as they become “trap-wise” and avoid traps later
1. Mechanical: infectious agent is mechanically transported through soiling of vector’s feet or proboscis or by passage through its gastrointestinal tract. for example spread of e coli by housefly
2. Biological:
a. Propogative: infectious agent merely multiplies inside the vector e.g. plague in rat flea
b. Cyclo-propogative: agent changes in number and also in form e.g. malaria parasites in mosquito
c. Cyclo-developmental : the disease agent undergoes only development but no multiplication e.g. microfilaria in mosquito
Reference:
K. Park, 2019. Environment and Health, In: Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th ed. Jabalpur, 2019
The important genera of mosquitoes that are of public health importance are Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex.
The stages of a mosquito’s life cycle are as follows:
1. Eggs
2. Larva
3. Pupa
4. Adult mosquito
This format is a general one. Additional information may be required in special cases like obstetric, infants, elderly etc.
It's an effort so that you don't miss out any section of history taking. All the best!
If you would like to have a printed format, please write to us on the 'Contact' tab. We shall promptly send you the pdf by email.
