Early initiation of breastfeeding; immediately after birth, preferably within one hour
Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life - give only breast milk; not even water should be added
Timely introduction of complementary food beyond six months along with continued breastfeeding
BOOKS
1. Theory: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Bhanot Publishers, CHECK the LATEST Edition. New editions are launched almost every 2 years
Some common places to check for water accumulation are as follows:
Inside the house
• Desert coolers
• Flower vase
• Potted plants
• Water tanges, cisterns, and other stored water
• Old cans, tires, coconut shells, bottles lying in open, etc.
Around the house
• Puddles and roadside ditches
• Open drains
• Cess pools
• Soakage pits
• Old non-functioning fountains, bird baths, ornamental pools, etc.
RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TEST (RDT) KIT FOR DIAGNOSIS OF MALARIA
Name the appropriate program under which this is used.
National Vector Borne Disease Control Program (NVBDCP)
What are the levels of iodine in the iodized salt at the production and the consumption level?
• At the production level—Not less than 30 ppm (parts per million)
• At the consumption level—Not less than 15 ppm
Name the regulation under which these levels are fixed.
The Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006
MILLED RICE
Which group of food it (milled rice) belongs to.
Cereals
What is its protein content?
Protein content of milled rice is around 6.8 g per 100 g.
What is its caloric value?
345 kcal per 100 g
What are the limiting amino acids in it?
The limiting amino acid is lysine even though its content is higher in rice as compared to other cereals.
BENGAL GRAM (CHANA DAL)
Mention which group of food it (Bengal gram) belongs to.
Pulses
Mention its nutritive value.
• Protein—17.1 g per 100 g
• Fat—5.3 g per 100 g
• Calories—360 per 100 g
Rich in minerals and B group vitamins such as riboflavin and thiamine.
Comment on the quality of fat.
Groundnut oil is high in MUFA (mono unsaturated fatty acids) content.
What is its role in nutritional rehabilitation?
The multipurpose food used in National Nutrition Program is prepared by mixing 75% groundnut flour (after fat extraction) and 25% roasted red gram flour.
Among all the nuts which one has the highest content of iron?
Pistachio—14 mg per 100 g
Write the nutritive value of cow's milk?
What is pasteurization?
Pasteurization is heating of milk to such temperatures and for such time period which is sufficient to destroy pathogens present in milk but leads to minimal change in the composition, flavor, and nutritive value of the milk (WHO).
Mention its nutritive value per 100gm.
• Proteins—13.3 g per 100 g (an average egg weighs around 60-70 g)
• Fat—13.3 g per 100 g
• Carbohydrates—nil
• Energy—173 kcal per 100 g
• Provides all vitamins except vitamin C
Nutritive value in terms of content per egg weighing 60 g
• Proteins—6 g
• Fat—6 g
• Carbohydrates—nil
• Energy—70 kcal
